Selasa, 10 Juni 2014

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause bisa disebut relative pronouns, atau relative clause. Adjective caluse adalah anak kalimat pengganti yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat. Dalam kontek ini akan terdapat induk dan anak kalimat:

1. who - menggantikan kata ganti subjek orang
2. whom -menggantikan kata ganti objek orang
3. which - menggantikan kata ganti subjek/objek benda atau hewan
4. whose - menggantikan kata ganti milik ( my, your, etc )
5. that - menggantikan kata ganti subjek/objek orang atau benda atau hewan
  ( that dapat menggantikan who, whom, which )

 Rumus : Modified + Conjunction + Modifier

Examples:

1. Mr Tom is my father. He works at BCA
Mr Tom who works at BCA is my father
2. Jack is a thief. I saw him steal a wallet
Jack whom I saw steal a wallet is a thief
3. The table is so expensive. I bought it last week
The table which I bought last week is so expensive
4. The house is beatiful. It belongs to Amir
The house which belongs to Amir is beautiful
5. The lady bought a car . her husband died a year ago
The lady whose husband died a year ago bought a car
source : http://rumuspelajar.blogspot.com/2010/02/adjective-clause.html

Noun Clause

Pengertian Noun Clause


Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun(kata benda). Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagai subject maupunobject di dalam suatu clause atau phrase lain. Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun“it“.
Contoh:
I forgot the fact. (noun)
I forgot it. (pronoun)
I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)
Rumus Noun Clause


Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause padaclause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.



Marker

Detail

Contoh Kalimat Noun Clause


Question Word

Question word:

what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc),

who(ever),

whose,

whom(ever),

which(ever),

where(ever),

when(ever),

how (long, far, many times, old, etc)

The class listened to what the teacher said.

(Seluruh kelas mendengarkan apa yang guru katakan.)


The kitten followed wherever the woman went.

(Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)


Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success.

(Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)


if atau whether

biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan yes-no question atau bentuk reported speech dari pertanyaan tersebut

Where does Andy live?

(Dimana Andy tinggal?)

I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta.

(Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)


Is Andy live on Dewi Sartika Street?

(Apakah Andy tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?)

I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not.



atau


I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street.

(Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)


She wanted to know if he lived on Dewi Sartika street. [indirect speech dari yes-no question]


that

biasanya that-clause untuk mental activity. Berikut daftar verbpadamain clause yang biasanya diikutithat-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think

I think that the group will arrive in an hour.

(Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)


Many people proved that the man was a big liar.

(Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Fungsi Noun Clause


Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.



Fungsi

Contoh Kalimat Noun Clause


Subject of a Verb

What she cooked was delicious.

(Apa yang dia masak lezat.)


That today is his birthday is not right.

(Bahwa hari ini ulang tahunnya tidak benar.)


Subject complement

The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.

(Faktanya dia cerdas dan rajin.)


A teacher must be whoever allows students to ask.

(Seorang guru harus yang membiarkan siswa untuk bertanya.)


Object of a Verb

Diana believes that her life will be happier.

(Diana percaya hidupnya akan lebih bahagia.)


I want to know how Einstein thought.

(Saya ingin tahu bagaimana Einstein berpikir.)


Object of a preposition

The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.

(Anak berasal dari tempat dimana orang-orang hidup dalam kemiskinan.)


He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

(Dia akan menghadiri pesta tsb dengan apapun yang cocok dibadannya.)


Adjective Complement

We were worried that she couldn’t recover from divorce.

(Kita khawatir dia tidak dapat membaik dari perceraian.)





Word Order pada Noun Clause


Word order selalu digunakan pada noun clause yang diawali denganquestion word; sekalipun main clause-nya merupakan klausapertanyaan.
Contoh word order noun clause:
Can we imagine how old is he? (salah)
Can we imagine how old he is? (benar)
Will you explain where did you go? (salah)
Will you explain where you went? (benar)
I imagine what did the man speak (salah)
I imagine what the man spoke (benar)
They have no clue who the mysterious man is behind the door. (benar; prepositional phrasesetelah be)
No one knew whose chocolate was on the table. (benar, prepositional phrase setelah be)
Reduksi Noun Clause


Hanya Noun clause dengan subordinator “that” yang dapat direduksi. Namun tidak untuk that-clause yang berada di awal kalimat.
Contoh Reduksi Noun Clause:
I hope that he could collect much money to realize his plan. (benar)
That the house was expensive is reasonable. (salah)
His dream is that he could build an orphanage. (benar)

Tenses pada Noun Clause


Berikut adalah contoh kalimat hasil gabungan main(utama) dan noun clause dengan berbagai kombinasi tenses.



Ilustrasi

Contoh Complex Sentence


Tense

Verb pada Noun Clause


present tense

future tense

(jika action/state pada noun clause dilakukan/terjadi kemudian)

I hope that the trip will be fun and unforgetable.


future tense

(jika action/state masih diprediksi akan terjadi di masa depan)

The scientists dreams that the sunlight will replace totally fossil fuels.


present tense

(jika action/state pada noun clause dilakukan/terjadi pada saat yang bersamaan dengan main clause)

I guess that she is sleeping in the library now.


present tense

(jika merupakan kebenaran umum atau fakta)

The student knows that atlantic salmon migrate to the ocean in the spring.


past tense

(jika action/state telah dilakukan/terjadi sebelum action/statepada klausa utama)

I think that the bread was baked three days ago.


past tense

future tense

(jika action/state pada noun clause masih diprediksi akan terjadi di masa depan)

The scientist believed that the HIV vaccine will be found someday.


present tense

(jika action/state dilanjutkan sampai sekarang)

I discovered that creating a website is tricky.


present tense

(jika action/state jika merupakan kebenaran umum atau fakta)

The children learned that the earth is not square but round.


past future

(jika action/state dilakukan/terjadi kemudian)

The class assumed that the teacher would be late/was going to be late.


past tense

(jika action/state dilakukan secara bersamaan denganaction/state pada klausa utama)

She supposed that her friend was walking to the bank.


past perfect

(jika action/state pada noun clause telah dilakukan/terjadi sebelum action/state pada main clause)

He heard that you had written a book.






Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-fungsi-dan-contoh-kalimat-noun-clauses