Candi blandongan

Situs Candi Blandongan adalah Candi dengan struktur pasangan batu bata, pada Candi ini juga ditemukan lantai Cor Beton menurut analisa adalah campuran batu koral, kapur kulit kerang dan pasir atras, Candi ini berukuran 24,6 m x 24,6 m dengan ketinggian 4,9 m dari permukaan sawah, di Candi ini juga ditemukan meterai - materai dalam keadaan utuh sebanyak 10 buah dan sejumlah pecahan. Hasil Analisa Coedes Meterai - materai termasuk Typologi 1 yang berkembang pada masa Dvaravati, adegan menceritakan Keajaiban Srasvati dari naskah Diyavadana dari aliran Sarvasteveda, Aliran dari Threvada. Dari hasil perbandingan dengan Materai - materai yang ada di Asia Tenggara, ternyata Materai - materai yang ditemukan di Candi Blandongan ada persamaan dengan materai - materai Kha Ok Dalu Phattalung di Thailand Selatan, Periode Dvaravati Abad ke 6-7 Masehi. Tahun 2001 ditemukan kerang bersama Fragmen Perunggu, hasil Analisa Carbon Datting yaitu Abad ke 2-4 Masehi, dan pada hasil Analisa batu bata Abad ke 7-10 Masehi, pada sisi lain menunjukan Abad ke 12 Masehi, jadi Candi Blandongan digunakan dari abad ke 2-12 Masehi, pada Candi Blandongan inilah membuktikan bahwa Bangsa Indonesia sudah mengenal Teknik Pembuatan Gerabah, Beton Cor sampai ke Hubungan Luar Negeri dari Abad ke 2-12 Masehi. Lokasi Situs Candi Blandongan terletak di Desa Segaran, Kecamatan Batujaya 45 km dari Ibu Kota, Kabupaten Karawang.

sumber : www.disbudpar-karawang.com  

Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause adalah clause yang berfungsi sbg adverb,yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial clause biasanya di klasifikasikan berdasarkan “arti/maksud” dari conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis adverbial clause antara lain :
1. Adverbial clause of time
Adverbial clause of time biasanya di awali subordinate conjunction seperti after,before,no sooner,while,as,when,as long as,as soon as,whenever,until,till,by the time(that),now that,once,since dll.
Contoh :
• When I was in elementary school,I had two close friends
• Shut the door before you go out
• No sooner had she entered that he gave an order
• My mother came after night bad fallen
• I shall come before she comes
2. Adverbial Clause of Place
Adverbial clause of place di awali oleh subordinate conjunction seperti where, anywhere, wherever, when dll
Contoh :
• They sat down when ever they could find empty seats
• My younger sister follows me wherever I go
• She went quickly when you came
• Where there is a will,there is a way
• Anywhere you can find it
3. Adverbial Clause of Contrast (or concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Adver clause of contrast (or concession) diawali oleh subordinate conjunction seperti although,though,even though,whereas,even if,in spite of,as the time,dan relative adverb:however dan whatever.
Contoh :
• She went although it was raining
• As the time you were sleeping,we were working hard
• Sherly wanted to stop,whereas I wanted to go on
• Even if it is raining I shall come
• Although we are rich,we are unhappy
Catatan :
However biasanya diikuti oleh adjective atau adverb,sedangkan whatever diikuti oleh noun(pronoun),vinite verb atau sebuah clause.
Contoh :
• However often I tried,I always failed
• Whatever you say,I go
4. Adverbial Clause of Manner
Adverbial clause of manner biasanya di dahului oleh subordinate conjunction seperti as if,as though,how dan in that.
Contoh :
• He did as I told him
• She did as I told him
• You may finish it how you like
• She looks as though she has seen a ghost
5. Adverbial Clause of Purpose
Adverbial clause of purpose diawali oleh subordinate conjunction seperti so that,in order that (yang keduanya berarti agar atau supaya) dll.
Contoh :
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats
• I got up early so that I might see the sun rise
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• We plant so that we can reap crops
6. Adverbial Clause of Result
Adverbial clause of result diawali oleh subordinate conjunction seperti so that.
Contoh :
• He worked hard so that he was tired
• I was tired of waiting so that I decided to go on without her
Catatan :
Bila dalam klausa utama terdapat adjective atau adverb yang ingin di tekankan,maka so harus di letakkan sebelum adjective atau adverb itu.
Contoh :
• She was so weak that she could no speak
• He worked so hard that he was tired
Tetapi jika dalam klausa utamanya tidak terdapat noun yang di dahului adjective,maka kita harus menggunakan such ( yang di tempatkan sebelum article dan adjective itu)
Contoh :
• She is such polite girl
• I bought such a good book that I learn English well
7. Adverbial Clause of Cause (reason)
Adverbial clause of cause (reason) biasanya diawali oleh subordinate conjunction seperti because,since,as,seeing that,now that,whereas,because of the fact that,due to the fact that,dll
Contoh :
• I ran because I was late
• Since I believe her story,I shall have her
• As susan was here,I will ask her to take the message
• Now that she was not here,I spoke to her mother
Catatan :
Since,as,seeing that dan now that selalu di tempatkan di awal kalimat,sedangkan because di tengah kalimat,namun because pun kadang-kadang di tempatkan diwal kalimat bila alasannya yang lebih di tekankan.
Contoh :
• Because I like you,I shall help you
8. Adverbial Clause of Degree
Adverbial clause of degree biasanya diawali oleh subordinate conjunction seperti than atau relative adverb : as.
Contoh :
• She is older than she looks
• They arrived later than we though
• He is taller than I am
• She worked as hard as she could
9. Adverbial Clause of Condition
Menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya di buat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti if,even if,unless,in the even that,or in even that,in case,provided (that),on condition yhat,if only,suppose (that),supposing (that) dll.
Contoh :
• If I here any news,I will phone you
• If you were a mouse,the cat would catch you
• Suppose (that) your house burns down,do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause bisa disebut relative pronouns, atau relative clause. Adjective caluse adalah anak kalimat pengganti yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat. Dalam kontek ini akan terdapat induk dan anak kalimat:

1. who - menggantikan kata ganti subjek orang
2. whom -menggantikan kata ganti objek orang
3. which - menggantikan kata ganti subjek/objek benda atau hewan
4. whose - menggantikan kata ganti milik ( my, your, etc )
5. that - menggantikan kata ganti subjek/objek orang atau benda atau hewan
  ( that dapat menggantikan who, whom, which )

 Rumus : Modified + Conjunction + Modifier

Examples:

1. Mr Tom is my father. He works at BCA
• Mr Tom who works at BCA is my father
2. Jack is a thief. I saw him steal a wallet
• Jack whom I saw steal a wallet is a thief
3. The table is so expensive. I bought it last week
• The table which I bought last week is so expensive
4. The house is beatiful. It belongs to Amir
• The house which belongs to Amir is beautiful
5. The lady bought a car . her husband died a year ago
• The lady whose husband died a year ago bought a car
source : http://rumuspelajar.blogspot.com/2010/02/adjective-clause.html

Noun Clause

Pengertian Noun Clause


Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun(kata benda). Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagai subject maupunobject di dalam suatu clause atau phrase lain. Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun“it“.
Contoh:
I forgot the fact. (noun)
I forgot it. (pronoun)
I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)
Rumus Noun Clause


Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause padaclause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.



Marker

Detail

Contoh Kalimat Noun Clause


Question Word

Question word:

what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc),

who(ever),

whose,

whom(ever),

which(ever),

where(ever),

when(ever),

how (long, far, many times, old, etc)

The class listened to what the teacher said.

(Seluruh kelas mendengarkan apa yang guru katakan.)


The kitten followed wherever the woman went.

(Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)


Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success.

(Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)


if atau whether

biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan yes-no question atau bentuk reported speech dari pertanyaan tersebut

Where does Andy live?

(Dimana Andy tinggal?)

I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta.

(Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)


Is Andy live on Dewi Sartika Street?

(Apakah Andy tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?)

I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not.



atau


I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street.

(Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)


She wanted to know if he lived on Dewi Sartika street. [indirect speech dari yes-no question]


that

biasanya that-clause untuk mental activity. Berikut daftar verbpadamain clause yang biasanya diikutithat-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think

I think that the group will arrive in an hour.

(Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)


Many people proved that the man was a big liar.

(Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Fungsi Noun Clause


Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.



Fungsi

Contoh Kalimat Noun Clause


Subject of a Verb

What she cooked was delicious.

(Apa yang dia masak lezat.)


That today is his birthday is not right.

(Bahwa hari ini ulang tahunnya tidak benar.)


Subject complement

The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.

(Faktanya dia cerdas dan rajin.)


A teacher must be whoever allows students to ask.

(Seorang guru harus yang membiarkan siswa untuk bertanya.)


Object of a Verb

Diana believes that her life will be happier.

(Diana percaya hidupnya akan lebih bahagia.)


I want to know how Einstein thought.

(Saya ingin tahu bagaimana Einstein berpikir.)


Object of a preposition

The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.

(Anak berasal dari tempat dimana orang-orang hidup dalam kemiskinan.)


He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

(Dia akan menghadiri pesta tsb dengan apapun yang cocok dibadannya.)


Adjective Complement

We were worried that she couldn’t recover from divorce.

(Kita khawatir dia tidak dapat membaik dari perceraian.)





Word Order pada Noun Clause


Word order selalu digunakan pada noun clause yang diawali denganquestion word; sekalipun main clause-nya merupakan klausapertanyaan.
Contoh word order noun clause:
Can we imagine how old is he? (salah)
Can we imagine how old he is? (benar)
Will you explain where did you go? (salah)
Will you explain where you went? (benar)
I imagine what did the man speak (salah)
I imagine what the man spoke (benar)
They have no clue who the mysterious man is behind the door. (benar; prepositional phrasesetelah be)
No one knew whose chocolate was on the table. (benar, prepositional phrase setelah be)
Reduksi Noun Clause


Hanya Noun clause dengan subordinator “that” yang dapat direduksi. Namun tidak untuk that-clause yang berada di awal kalimat.
Contoh Reduksi Noun Clause:
I hope that he could collect much money to realize his plan. (benar)
That the house was expensive is reasonable. (salah)
His dream is that he could build an orphanage. (benar)

Tenses pada Noun Clause


Berikut adalah contoh kalimat hasil gabungan main(utama) dan noun clause dengan berbagai kombinasi tenses.



Ilustrasi

Contoh Complex Sentence


Tense

Verb pada Noun Clause


present tense

future tense

(jika action/state pada noun clause dilakukan/terjadi kemudian)

I hope that the trip will be fun and unforgetable.


future tense

(jika action/state masih diprediksi akan terjadi di masa depan)

The scientists dreams that the sunlight will replace totally fossil fuels.


present tense

(jika action/state pada noun clause dilakukan/terjadi pada saat yang bersamaan dengan main clause)

I guess that she is sleeping in the library now.


present tense

(jika merupakan kebenaran umum atau fakta)

The student knows that atlantic salmon migrate to the ocean in the spring.


past tense

(jika action/state telah dilakukan/terjadi sebelum action/statepada klausa utama)

I think that the bread was baked three days ago.


past tense

future tense

(jika action/state pada noun clause masih diprediksi akan terjadi di masa depan)

The scientist believed that the HIV vaccine will be found someday.


present tense

(jika action/state dilanjutkan sampai sekarang)

I discovered that creating a website is tricky.


present tense

(jika action/state jika merupakan kebenaran umum atau fakta)

The children learned that the earth is not square but round.


past future

(jika action/state dilakukan/terjadi kemudian)

The class assumed that the teacher would be late/was going to be late.


past tense

(jika action/state dilakukan secara bersamaan denganaction/state pada klausa utama)

She supposed that her friend was walking to the bank.


past perfect

(jika action/state pada noun clause telah dilakukan/terjadi sebelum action/state pada main clause)

He heard that you had written a book.






Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-fungsi-dan-contoh-kalimat-noun-clauses

ENGLISH TENSES

Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa. 

A. Simple Present Tenses

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran yang hakiki. Karena sering menyangkut kejadian diwaktu lamapu, sekarang dan akan datang, Tenses ini paling sedikit mempunyai keterangan waktu tertentu. (S + V1)

Example : he is not handsome

B. Present Continuous Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini. Kalimat-kalimat dalam Tenses ini lebih sering dipakai dari pada present Tenses. (S + is/am/are + V-ing)

example : She is cooking in the kitchen.

C. Present Perfect Tense

Tenses ini menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerjakan (baru selesai). (S + have,has +V3)

Example : they have met me.

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan satu kejadian yang baru saja berlangsung dan berlanjut. (S + have,has + been + V-ing)

Example : They have been playing football

E. Simple Past Tense

Tenses ini dipakai untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lalu (sudah lewat). (S + V2)

Example : They were student last year

F, Past Continuous Tense

Tense ini menggambarkan suatu kejadian pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.(S + was,were + V-ing)

Example : andira was singing a song loudly

G. Past Perfect Tense

Tense ini mengekspresikan tindakan di masa lampau sebelum tindakan lain terjadi, namun kejadiannya di masa lampau. (S + had + V3)

Example : arya had played a game

H. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense ini mengekspresikan tindakan-tindakan yang lebih lama dan telah selesai pada waktu tertentu dimasa lalu.  (S + had + been + V-ing)

Example : She had been helping me when they went to school

I. Simple Future Tense

Tense ini di pakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang. (S + will + V1)

Example : They will sleep in the bad

J. Future Continuous Tense

Tense ini  dapat menggambarkan suatu kondisi yang akan terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. (S + will + be + V-ing)

Example : He will be coming on time

K. Future Perfect Tense

Tense ini dipakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang . (S + will + have + V3)

Example : We will have gone to the school

L. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense ini digunakan utuk membicarakan tentang suatu kejadian yang panjang sebelum beberapa saat di masa yang akan datang dan terus berlangsung.  (S + will + have + been + V-ing)

Example : We will have been studying in the class

M. Past Future Tense

Tense ini untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sudah terjadi dimasa lampau. (S + would + V1)

Example : They would travel to London

N. Past Future Continuous Tense

Tense ini di pakai  untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang terjadi di waktu lampau atau masa lalu. (S + would + be + V-ing)

Example : he would be living in Europe

O. Past Future Perfect Tense

Tense ini digunakan   untuk menyataka suatu  perbuatan yang telah terjadi  dan akan terjadi. (S + would + have + V3)

Example : He would have finished to studied if he had not been lazy

P. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu  peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau dan terus terjadi. (S + would + have + been + V1 + ing)

Example : They would have been working all day


source:http://ukhwanfachnizar.wordpress.com/2013/03/31/jenis-jenis-16-tense

Example of Memo

Memo

TO             :  Sales And Staffs
FROM       : Director
DATE        : January 23,2014
SUBJECT : Annual Meeting

I'm writing to remind you that our annual meeting will be on Monday, January 26. I want everyone with ideas strategis & sales forecast for the next year, a conference on the new LCD in osaka on Wednesday & Thursday of this week. Remeber that next monday is a holiday . there fore, if you have something urgent to discuss , please see me on  monday, January 26.

Sumber : http://www.sriyuni.com/2012/08/kumpulan-memo-berbahasa-inggris.html

Job Application Letter

HR Manager
DAL Company
Jln . Hayam Wuruk 3
West Jakarta

Dear Sir/Madam ,

I had read the adverstisment in Republika newspaper on Wednesday, November 13, 2013 that your company is looking for employees to hold multiple positions . Based on the adverstisement , I was interested to join as a Purchasing Manager in accordance with my background and education .

My name is Hary Purwanto, I’m 21 years old , I graduated from the University of Gunadarma majoring in accounting , I consider myself qualified as you want . I have a good motivation to progress and develop , and can work with a team ( team work ) or an individual , and I have over 2 years experience in the field of purchasing .

With my qualifications , I am confident that I will contribute effectively to your company . By this I attach :

1 . Copy of Bachelor Degree ( S - 1 ) Certificate and Academic Transcript .

2 . ID Card Copy

3 . Curriculum Vitae .

4 . Recent photograph with size of 4 × 6

I enclose my curriculum vittae for your inspection and look forward to hearing from you soon . I am available for interview at your convenience .

Sincerely,

Hary Purwanto